Jeffrey Alexander

Biography

Jeffrey Charles Alexander (born 1947) is an American sociologist, and a prominent social theorist. He demonstrated that social actions and dynamics are not explained solely by rational logic, but also by the symbolic and emotional meanings underlying them. By challenging traditional theories that regarded culture as merely an echo of economic and political forces, Jeffrey C. Alexander placed culture at the heart of sociological analysis. While Marxism viewed culture as a superstructure linked to the interests of dominant classes, and functionalism considered it a factor of social stability, Alexander reoriented sociological analysis by positioning culture at the center. He showed that cultural symbols, narratives, and rituals are not passive but active in structuring societies, decisively influencing social behaviors and institutions. In the 1990s, Alexander developed a body of work known as the Strong Program. This theoretical framework asserts that culture should be studied as an independent force, directly shaping social actions and institutions. Since the 2000s, the Strong Program has become a major movement in sociology, shaping research on how culture influences modern societies. Concepts such as cultural trauma are among Jeffrey C. Alexander's significant contributions, leaving a lasting impact on the social sciences.

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