Artist

Art Tatum

US jazz pianist

Toledo, United States • 1909 – 1956

Art Tatum is a musician from Toledo, United States, active 1909–1956. Their discography on Gatefold includes 24 records.

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Albums tracked

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1909

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Biography

Art Tatum (Arthur Tatum, Jr., October 13, 1909, Toledo, Ohio, USA - November 5, 1956, Los Angeles, California) was an American jazz pianist and virtuoso who played with phenomenal facility despite being nearly blind since birth. Tatum is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time. He was noted for the complexity and speed of his performances, which set a new standard for jazz piano virtuosity. Tatum drew inspiration from his contemporaries James P.

The Arc of Art Tatum

The pivots — what forced Art Tatum to reinvent.

The Stride Executioner
After arriving in New York to accompany singer Adelaide Hall, Tatum spent the early 30s destroying the egos of the established stride royalty at rent parties. These early solo recordings for Brunswick and Decca showcase a terrifying lack of restraint, where he treats 1920s show tunes like math problems to be solved at 300 beats per minute. You hear the ghost of the player piano rolls in his left hand, providing a rock-solid foundation while his right hand executes runs that shouldn't be physically possible on a weighted action. It was a hostile takeover of the piano bench that forced every other player in town to go back to the practice room.
The Trio Shift
By 1943, the solo genius format was wearing thin commercially, so he formed a trio with Tiny Grimes on guitar and Slam Stewart on bass. This wasn't a democratic band—it was a high-wire act where the rhythm section had to anticipate his erratic, chromatic shifts without any sheet music to guide them. Stewart’s trademark of humming along with his bowed bass lines added a weird, eerie texture to the records that contrasted with Tatum’s diamond-cut precision. These sessions proved he could actually play well with others, even if he still functionally played enough notes for all three of them.
The Norman Granz Marathons
Toward the end of his life, Verve founder Norman Granz dragged him into the studio for a series of marathon sessions to document everything he had left. Granz didn't care about radio hits or three-minute limits; he just let the tape roll while Tatum sat at a Steinway and emptied his brain. These solo and group masterpieces, recorded between '53 and '56, are the definitive documents of his late-period harmonic expansion. He was battling uremia and drinking heavily, but the recordings with Ben Webster and Roy Eldridge show zero decline in his finger-speed or his ability to find weird, beautiful substitute chords in the middle of a chorus.

Influences

James P. Johnson — Tatum explicitly cited the 'Father of Stride Piano' as his primary technical foundation. You hear it in the relentless, walking tenths of the left hand that ground his most chaotic solo improvisations. He took Johnson's structure and just overclocked the CPU.
Fats Waller — Before he was a star, Tatum obsessed over Waller’s early pipe organ and piano recordings for the Victor label. He lifted Waller’s sense of humor and decorative right-hand flourishes, though he eventually stripped away the vaudeville and turned the flourishes into high-velocity weaponry. Waller was the only contemporary Tatum treated as a true peer.
Earl Hines — Hines pioneered the 'trumpet-style' piano approach, playing octaves in the right hand to cut through big bands, which Tatum adopted to give his solos more punch. You hear this influence in the way Tatum accents the top notes of his runs to mimic a lead horn player. It gave his playing a rhythmic bite that the older stride players lacked.
Vladimir Horowitz — Tatum was a frequent guest at classical recitals and studied the technique of world-class concert pianists to improve his own touch. Horowitz reportedly sat in the front row of Tatum's club dates, mesmerized by the way he could maintain a perfectly even tone at breakneck speeds. The sheer clarity of Tatum's articulation is a direct result of this classical cross-pollination.
Lee Sims — A largely forgotten radio pianist from the 20s, Sims used unusual harmonic modulations and sophisticated rubato that caught Tatum's ear early on. Tatum took Sims' idea of drifting away from the melody and expanded it into a full-blown system of harmonic substitution. It's the secret sauce behind why Tatum's chords sounded so 'modern' compared to his peers.